A-Level Economics Model Paragraphs

I will be updating this page throughout the year with model paragraphs (including key points, diagram, analysis, and evaluation) for all topics stated below.

This is to help students feel confident writing paragraphs for each topic, and also realise that it doesn't take much to write a perfect exam answer - as most exam answers would be made up by a combination of these model paragraphs.

A-Level Economics 2025 Resources

Econplusdal UK economy stats 2025

A-Level Microeconomics Model Paragraphs

Factors of demand and supply
Economies of scale
Behavioural economics
Market failure
- Public goods
- Externalities
Government intervention
- Indirect tax
- Subsidy
- Maximum price
- Minimum price
- State provision
- Provision of info for demerit goods
- Provision of info for merit goods
- Behavioural economics for demerit goods
- Leave it to market forces
Business objectives
- Profit maximisation
- Revenue maximisation
Market structures
- Monopoly
- Natural monopoly
- Monopolistic competition
- Perfect competition
- Competitive oligopoly
- Collusive oligopoly
- Price discrimination
- Regulation of monopolies
  - Privatisation
  - Nationalisation
  - Subsidise new entrants
  - Price caps
Labour markets
- Causes of wage differentials
- Government intervention and trade union impact
  - Minimum wage in a competitive labour market
  - Minimum wage in a monopsony labour market
  - Education and training in a competitive labour market

A-Level Macroeconomics Model Paragraphs

The four main macroeconomic objectives
- Impact of high inflation
- Impact of deflation
- Impact of high unemployment
- Economic growth
Demand-side and Supply-side Policies
International economics
- Impact of a current account deficit
- Impact of a current account surplus
- Causes of a currency depreciation
- Causes of a currency appreciation
- Impact of a currency depreciation
- Impact of a currency appreciation
- Floating exchange rates
- Fixed exchange rates
- Impact of free trade
- Impact of protectionism
- Ways to reduce a current account deficit
Economic development
- Factors
  - Primary product dependency
  - Savings gap
  - Currency gap
  - Capital flight
  - National debt
  - Access to credit
  - Poor infrastructure, education and skills
  - Absence of property rights
- Strategies to promote economic development
  - Promotion of FDI
  - Trade liberalisation
  - Managed exchange rates
  - Infrastructure development
Financial markets
- Cause of financial market failure
- Impact of financial market failure
- Ways to reduce the risk of financial market failure