- Reactions occur when particles collide and rates of reaction are increased when the frequency and/or energy of collisions is increased.
- The factors affecting rate: temperature, concentration, surface area to volume ratio of a solid, pressure (involving gases). These factors all affect frequency or energy of collisions between particles.
- Rate of reaction = amount of product formed/ time (upward curve plateaus)
- Rate of reaction = amount of reactant used/ time (downward curve plateaus)
- Catalyst: speeds up rate of a reaction without affecting the reaction by reducing activation energy.
- Activaton energy: minimum energy needed to start a reaction successfully.
- Enzymes are biological catalysts and they are used in the production of alcoholic drinks
- Salts dissolving in water: , Neutralisation reactions: , Displacement reactions, Precipitation reactions:
- Exothermic: heat energy is given out
- Endothermic: heat energy is taken in
- Energy change = energy to break reactants - energy to form products.
- Reaction profiles: