OCR GCSE Physics Notes | P2

  • Scalar: magnitude e.g. mass, energy, speed, distance.
  • Vector: magnitude and direction e.g. force, velocity, displacement.
  • Average speed = distance travelled/ time taken.
  • Acceleration = change in velocity/ time taken.
  • F=ma
  • W=mg
  • Force (N), m: mass (kg), a: acceleration (m/s2). W: weight (N), g: 9.8 m/s2)
  • Weight is force due to gravity, so can be different on the moon.
  • Mass doesn't change but g and weight can.
  • Resultant force: the sum of all forces acting on an object.
  • Newton’s 1st Law: if there is a resultant force, an object will accelerate or decelerate. If not, the object will remain stationary or at constant speed.
  • Newton’s 2nd Law: F=ma
  • Newton’s 3rd Law: when two objects interact, they exert an equal and opposite force on each other.
  • Terminal velocity: first, the car would accelerate because the driving force is bigger than the resisting force. Then, the resisting force increases. Eventually, driving force = resistance, so the car will continue at a constant speed.
  • We can use more than one force to stretch, bend or compress an object.
  • F: Force (N), k: spring constant (N/m), e: extension (m)
  • Hooke's Law: extension is directly proportional to the force applied, until the limit of proportionality.
  • Elastic potential energy: equation given.
  • Elastic deformation: the object will return to its original shape and length after the forces are removed
  • Plastic deformation: the object will not return to its original shape.

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